Rietveld Refinement with GSAS-II: A Practical Workflow for Powder XRD
A structured guide to preparing powder diffraction data, selecting a structural model, refining parameters in GSAS-II, and evaluating fit quality without overinterpreting…
A focused collection of materials-science explainers, experimental tutorials, data-analysis guides, and research perspectives. Built to connect scientific principles with reliable laboratory practice.
Materials science Experimental methods Energy technologies
Understand theoretical density, bulk density, Archimedes’ method, relative density, and multiphase specimens.
Move from fundamental concepts to experimental application and advanced materials research.
<p>Crystal structures, defects, phase stability, ceramic chemistry, and structure–property relationships.</p>
<span class="articles-topic-link">Explore materials research ↗</span>
02 LABORATORY PRACTICE
<p>Sample preparation, density, porosity, XRD, microscopy, spectroscopy, and transport measurements.</p>
<span class="articles-topic-link">Explore characterization ↗</span>
03 ENERGY CONVERSION
<p>Thermoelectric transport, functional oxides, power factor, thermal conductivity, and device concepts.</p>
<span class="articles-topic-link">Explore thermoelectrics ↗</span>
04 HYDROGEN TECHNOLOGIES
<p>Proton-conducting ceramics, mixed conduction, electrochemical pumping, fuel cells, and electrolysis.</p>
<span class="articles-topic-link">Explore hydrogen research ↗</span>
05 DATA & COMPUTATION
<p>Crystallographic calculations, Rietveld refinement, data processing, and reproducible analysis workflows.</p>
<span class="articles-topic-link">Explore analysis methods ↗</span>
06 SCIENTIFIC THINKING
<p>Experimental design, critical reading, scientific interpretation, and questions that motivate new research.</p>
<span class="articles-topic-link">Explore selected literature ↗</span>
Practical guides and research notes, ordered by publication date. Use the category filter to narrow the collection.
<div class="eyebrow">BUILD YOUR SCIENTIFIC BACKGROUND</div>
<h2>Start with the literature.</h2>
<p>A curated reading collection of research papers and reviews on thermoelectric materials, phonon transport, and functional oxides.</p>
Articles distinguish established scientific principles, published findings, and illustrative calculations. Experimental claims and numerical examples should always be interpreted with their stated assumptions, methods, and references.